{"id":247,"date":"2021-04-08T18:03:48","date_gmt":"2021-04-08T17:03:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.eo4sas.com\/?page_id=247"},"modified":"2021-05-28T15:23:17","modified_gmt":"2021-05-28T14:23:17","slug":"case-studies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/eo4sas.com\/index.php\/case-studies\/","title":{"rendered":"Case Studies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The following link will take you to 3 interactive Case Studies<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/voila.notebook.eo4sas.com\/\">EO4SAS Interactive Case Studies<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The case studies are hosted on &#8220;Voila&#8221; and implemented in Jupyter notebooks in the Cloud (there is no need to install anything on your computer).\u00a0 Please note that the case studies take several seconds to load as they pre-process the relevant data to allow you to interact with it!<\/p>\n<p>The case studies themselves are straightforward to use; the following paragraphs describe what each case study is showing.<\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Case Study 1: Investigating Areas Around Sand Dams to Understand Sand Occurrence &amp; Vegetation Health<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:200,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">S<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and is extracted from the riverbeds of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Kenya\u2019s semi-arid and arid areas<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0particularly to the s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">outh and east of<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Nairobi<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, to support the construction industry.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This extraction\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">has the potential\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">cause<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0adverse effects to the surrounding environment if too much is extracted, or the extraction itself is<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0harmful, e.g., by reducing\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">biodiversity.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This case study focuses on sand dams for an area covering approximately 50 km x 100 km,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">including<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0the intersection between Kitui, Machakos and Makueni<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, using the free-to-access Copernicus EO<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0satellite data to develop a land classification model<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0using a pre-trained Neural Network\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">m<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">odel<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It uses \u2018snapshots\u2019 dates from\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">November<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a02019 to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">December<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a02020<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, selected\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">due to their relatively low cloud coverage, a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">nd allows<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0seasonal changes to be observed during the year, i.e., the influence of the wet and dry seasons<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Case Study 2: On-land Sand Extraction<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:200,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sand dams are not the only type of sand extraction taking place in Kenya, and Case Study 2 focuses on the on-land extraction of historic sand deposits rather than the extraction of sand flowing down rivers. The chosen location is Nakuru county<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0with sites in Nakuru and north of Bahati being known extraction sites;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">he northern site is surrounded by fields and trees, while the eastern site is surrounded by housing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">T<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">his\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Case Study used additional<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0satellite sensors and data to Case Study 1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"28\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">High spatial resolution commercial optical imagery<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, from\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">GeoEye-1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pl\u00e9iades<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to both compare\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sentinel\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">land classification and to see what further insights can be seen with the higher resolution [not available in the online visualisation due to licencing restrictions]<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"28\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Night<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">time imagery<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to look at the night<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">time economic activity around extraction sites.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"28\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sentinel-1<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0processed using an interferometric technique to derive\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to measure changes in heights and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">support<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0quantify<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ing<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0the amounts extracted.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">These techniques\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">allow\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">the following\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">series of products and insights to be developed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Case Study 3: Waterline Extraction<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:200,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Case Study 3 focuse<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">d<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> on the extraction of sand from the land-water boundary. We concentrated on Lake Victoria as the user engagement discussions revealed (anecdotally) this had been prolific previously in Homa Bay locations.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0technique\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">was used<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to identify the suspended\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">particulate matter<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0in the water,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">where changes\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">i<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">n the turbid<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">it<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">y of the water may indicate that sand extraction for the shoreline or even dredging has<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0taken place.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The following link will take you to 3 interactive Case Studies EO4SAS Interactive Case Studies The case studies are hosted on &#8220;Voila&#8221; and implemented in Jupyter notebooks in the Cloud (there is no need to install anything on your computer).\u00a0 Please note that the case studies take several seconds to load as they pre-process the relevant data to allow you to interact with it! The case studies themselves are straightforward to use; the following paragraphs describe what each case study&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"><a class=\"btn btn-default\" href=\"https:\/\/eo4sas.com\/index.php\/case-studies\/\"> Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">  Read More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-247","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eo4sas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eo4sas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eo4sas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eo4sas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eo4sas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=247"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/eo4sas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":541,"href":"https:\/\/eo4sas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/247\/revisions\/541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eo4sas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}